Why India Celebrates Republic Day On January 26

India celebrates Republic Day every year on January 26 to commemorate the day the country's Constitution came into effect in 1950. On this day, almost 80 years ago, India transformed from a British dominion into a sovereign, democratic republic, governed by laws framed by its own citizens.

The Historical Significance Of January 26

India gained independence on August 15, 1947, but it did not immediately become a republic. For over two years, the country continued to function under the Government of India Act, 1935. During this period, the Constituent Assembly worked on drafting a comprehensive Constitution that would reflect India's values, diversity, and democratic aspirations.

The date January 26 was chosen deliberately. On January 26, 1930, the Indian National Congress had declared Purna Swaraj, or complete independence from British rule. They enforced the Constitution on the same date 20 years later, as a tribute to the freedom struggle and the sacrifices made by its leaders and citizens.

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Role Of The Constitution

The Constitution of India is the longest written constitution in the world. It lays down the framework of the political system, defines the powers of the government, and safeguards the fundamental rights and duties of citizens.

Republic Day is an annual reminder that India is ruled by the Constitution, not by any individual or authority. It reinforces the principles of justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity, which form the foundation of the nation.

Republic Day Celebrations

The main Republic Day celebrations are held at Kartavya Path in New Delhi. The event begins with the President of India unfurling the national flag, followed by a grand parade. The parade features:

• A ceremonial march past by the Armed Forces
• Tableaux showcasing India's cultural heritage, development, and achievements
• Displays of military equipment and strength
• Cultural performances highlighting the country's diversity

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Republic Day 2026

In 2026, India will celebrate its 77th Republic Day. This year, the theme is ‘Vande Mataram', commemorating the 150th anniversary of the national song. The theme will be reflected in the parade, tableaux, and the Beating the Retreat ceremony.

European Union leaders Antonio Costa, President of the European Council, and Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission, have been invited as Chief Guests for the ceremony.

The 90-minute parade will feature 18 marching contingents, 13 military bands, 30 tableaux representing 17 states, union territories, ministries, and services, and displays of India's military capabilities.