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A blocked nose, facial pressure or congestion is something people often deal with during winter. These symptoms are often easy to be overlooked as common cold, but that is not always the case. Viral infections can cause similar symptoms, while dust, mould, pet dander and other allergens may be responsible for some. Poor air quality can add to the problem too, with smog and pollutants irritating the nasal passages and leaving them feeling dry, blocked or inflamed.
It is important to understand the cause of the problem because the way they are managed can differ. A cold generally settles on its own, while allergy-related symptoms can keep coming back when a person is exposed to the same trigger. Dust, pollution and dry air can also keep irritating the nose and sinuses. Paying attention to when symptoms appear and what may be triggering them can make it easier to manage the problem.
Why winter can worsen sinus problems
Winters can trigger sinus irritation. In winters, people often spend more time indoors, where dust, mould and other allergens can build up. Cold, dry air can also dry out the nasal passages and make them more prone to irritation.
Pollution can make matters worse. When air quality is poor, exposure to smog and other pollutants can irritate the lining of the nose and sinuses, contributing to inflammation, congestion and discomfort. Air pollution has also been associated with allergic upper respiratory conditions, including allergic rhinitis and chronic sinusitis, with findings drawn from 64 studies involving around 12 million people. This makes reducing exposure particularly important for people who experience recurring nasal or sinus symptoms.
Signs to look out for
Sinus discomfort can appear in different ways such as:
- A blocked or persistently congested nose
- Pressure or pain around the cheeks, eyes or forehead
- Headaches, especially around the forehead
- Post-nasal drip or frequently needing to clear the throat
- Trouble breathing comfortably through the nose
- Symptoms that start affecting sleep or everyday activities
While these symptoms may seem minor at first, persistent irritation can disrupt sleep, affect focus, and impact overall health.
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Steps to ease the irritation
A few simple measures can help reduce irritation and improve sinus health:
- Drink enough water to help keep mucus thin and moving normally
- Use a humidifier if the air indoors feels particularly dry
- Saline sprays or rinses can help wash away dust, allergens and pollutants from the nasal passages
- Clean bedding, carpets and curtains regularly to reduce the build-up of indoor allergens
- Try to limit time outdoors when pollution levels are particularly high
- Avoid using decongestant nasal sprays for longer than recommended, as prolonged use can sometimes make congestion worse
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When symptoms call for medical care
It is advisable to consult a doctor if you experience:
- Symptoms lasting longer than 10 days
- Recurring episodes of sinus discomfort
- Significant facial pain or pressure
- Symptoms that disrupt sleep work or everyday activities
- Worsening symptoms despite self-care measures
Early evaluation can help identify the underlying cause and ensure appropriate treatment before symptoms become more difficult to manage.
(By Dr Ravinder Gera, Director & Head of Department, ENT, Max Hospital, Gurugram)
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