How to treat a stag horn kidney stone?

Question
What are the easiest and safest methods of removing a stag horn kidney stone?
Expert Answer
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Stag horn calculus can be removed most of the time by endoscopic methods like PCN, however if the kidney function is very poor and kidney has very little cortex or is atrophied then kidney along with the stone should be removed either laparoscopically or by open surgical methods.