- Regular blood pressure checks detect hypertension, a major stroke risk factor
- Lipid profile tests identify cholesterol levels that may narrow brain arteries
- Blood sugar tests assess diabetes control, reducing stroke risk when managed
The nature of the stroke is to strike suddenly, but it is important for you to know that its risk usually builds quietly over time. High blood pressure, diabetes, cholesterol imbalance, and arteries that are narrow can all increase the likelihood of a stroke long before symptoms appear. The good news is that several medical tests can help identify risk early. It is imperative to understand the signs in advance that allow for timely treatment and lifestyle changes that may significantly reduce the chances of a life-threatening event. Here are five important tests that can help assess stroke risk early.
1. Blood Pressure Monitoring
High blood pressure is considered as one of the strongest risk factors for stroke. Persistent hypertension damages blood vessels, making them more likely to rupture or become blocked. Regular blood pressure checks can detect silent hypertension, often called the "silent killer" because it may not cause noticeable symptoms. According to Journal of Clinical Neurology, hypertension is observed in up to 84% of patients presenting with acute stroke.
2. Lipid Profile (Cholesterol Test)
A lipid profile measures the total cholesterol, LDL, often called "bad" cholesterol, HDL, known as "good" cholesterol and the triglycerides. High LDL levels can lead to plaque buildup in arteries, narrowing them, and increasing the risk of clot formation. When arteries supplying the brain become blocked, a stroke can occur. Routine cholesterol screening helps identify problems before complications develop.
3. Blood Sugar Testing
Uncontrolled diabetes damages blood vessels and accelerates atherosclerosis, the process that narrows arteries. Tests such as fasting blood glucose and HbA1c provide insight into blood sugar control over time. Elevated levels significantly raise the risk of both ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. Early diagnosis and proper glucose management can dramatically lower long-term complications.
4. Carotid Ultrasound
As per a review, carotid ultrasound serves as the primary noninvasive technique for detecting, grading, and monitoring stenosis of the internal carotid artery . The carotid arteries, located on either side of the neck, supply blood to the brain. A carotid ultrasound uses sound waves to detect narrowing or plaque buildup in these arteries. If significant blockage is found, doctors can recommend medications or procedures to reduce stroke risk. This test is especially useful for individuals with multiple risk factors or a family history of stroke.
Also read: Heart: Understanding Atrial Fibrillation Causes, Symptoms, and Management
5. Electrocardiogram (ECG)
An ECG records the electrical activity of the heart. It helps detect irregular heart rhythms, particularly atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation increases the risk of blood clots forming in the heart. These clots can travel to the brain and cause a stroke. Identifying abnormal heart rhythms early allows for treatment with blood thinners or other medications to prevent clot formation.
Who Should Consider These Tests?
You may benefit from early screening if you:
- Have high blood pressure
- Live with diabetes
- Smoke
- Have high cholesterol
- Are overweight
- Have a family history of stroke or heart disease
- Are over 40 with multiple risk factors
Even younger individuals with unhealthy lifestyle habits may need evaluation.
Also read: Blocked Arteries AKA Atherosclerosis: 10 Foods That Help Unclog Arteries
Warning Signs You Should Never Ignore
- While these tests help assess risk, immediate medical attention is crucial if you notice:
- Sudden weakness or numbness on one side of the body
- Difficulty speaking or understanding speech
- Sudden vision problems
- Severe headache without known cause
- Loss of balance or coordination
In short, these could signal an active stroke and require emergency care. Stroke prevention begins long before symptoms appear. Regular health screening plays a critical role in identifying risk factors early. Simple tests such as blood pressure checks, cholesterol screening, blood sugar testing, carotid ultrasound and ECG can provide valuable insight into your vascular health. Acting early can mean the difference between prevention and emergency. When it comes to stroke, awareness and timely testing are powerful tools for protection.
Disclaimer: This content including advice provides generic information only. It is in no way a substitute for a qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist or your own doctor for more information. NDTV does not claim responsibility for this information.
