Babies with low iron levels grow up impaired

Children who have low levels of iron as infants grow up with brain deficiencies even if they get early treatment. This study shows the importance of early nutrition for babies. If direct and indirect effects of early iron deficiency on the brain are disrupted or delayed basic developmental processes, there could be a snowball effect. Researchers from the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, USA, studied the 185 children starting at one year of age. They were screened for iron deficiency at their first visit and given regular, age-appropriate cognitive tests to assess their ability to learn, think and remember. Babies with low iron levels were given supplements but some never got up to normal levels, even though the treatment took care of the worst cases (diagnosed as anaemia) in all the infants. The researchers compared the 53 babies with chronic iron deficiency to the 132 normal children. Among the children from middle-class families, the gap in cognitive skills never closed. However, those in lower-socioeconomic status families seemed doubly burdened; the gap widened substantially from 10 points in infancy to 25 points at age 19 years. A fifth to one-fourth of children around the world have iron deficiency anaemia, in which a lack of iron causes problems with red blood cells. Early treatment is essential. Another study in the same journal found that children who kept drinking cow's milk from bottles past the age of a year were more likely to be iron-deficient than babies of the same age who drank from a cup. Researchers from the University of Toronto, Canada, tested 150 healthy children, aged 12 to 38 months, who drank unfortified cow milk. They found that 37 percent of the bottle-fed babies and 18 percent of the cup-fed children had lower than desired iron levels. The bottle may act as a vehicle for excessive milk consumption, which may compromise iron absorption or the intake of iron-rich foods or juices.