Members of Syrian opposition delegation arrive for their first meeting face to face with Syrian government delegation and UN-Arab League envoy for Syria Lakhdar Brahimi at a UN office in Geneva
Geneva:
Syria's civil war foes held their first face-to-face meetings on Saturday, launching talks aimed at ending nearly three years of conflict which has killed 130,000 people and destabilised the wider Middle East.
Government and opposition delegates faced each other across a negotiating table at the United Nations headquarters for a total of three hours in the presence of mediator Lakhdar Brahimi, who described the meetings as "a good beginning".
While political differences which Brahimi says must form the core of their talks appear insurmountable for now, the two sides focused on Saturday on a possible humanitarian deal aimed at building confidence in the negotiating process.
Brahimi said he hoped that authorities in Syria would approve access on Sunday for an aid convoy to reach the rebel-held centre of Homs, allowing it to be delivered on Monday.
"We haven't achieved much, but we are continuing," he told a news conference after the talks concluded for the day.
Anxious to avoid any possible confrontations, organisers ensured the two parties entered and left the negotiation room for the morning and afternoon sessions through separate doors.
Brahimi said they faced each other during the meeting but addressed their remarks through him. "This is what happens in civilised discussions, you talk to the president or the speaker or the chairman," he said.
The veteran international mediator also said he set out his plans for the talks over the coming weeks, stressing that they must ultimately be focused on implementing a June 2012 declaration which called for a transitional governing body to be set up with the consent of Syria's opposing forces.
"He told us this is a political conference ... based on Geneva 1," opposition delegate Anas al-Abdah said, referring to the 2012 communique announced by world powers in the same Swiss city where Saturday's talks took place.
President Bashar al-Assad's government delegation said it broadly accepted Geneva 1, but reiterated its longstanding opposition to the idea of a transitional body, saying it was inappropriate and unnecessary.
"We have complete reservations regarding it," Information Minister Omran Zoabi said, comparing the proposal to the transitional government set up in Iraq by U.S. occupation forces after they toppled Saddam Hussein in 2003.
"Syria is a state with institutions," he added. "A transitional governing body ... happens where the state is in disintegration, or has no institutions."
The opposition has insisted that the government delegation accept the principle of setting up the transitional body, saying it must bring an end to Assad's rule. The president says only Syrian voters can choose their ruler and that he may well stand again in an election due to be held by June this year.
BARREL BOMBS
While the two sides met in Geneva, clashes continued across Syria. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported fighting between rebels and Assad's forces in south Damascus and a series of army air raids across the country, particularly in northern Aleppo and the suburbs outside of Damascus.
Helicopters launched three series of barrel bomb attacks on the suburb of Daraya, the Britain-based monitoring group said, and internecine rebel clashes also continued in the provinces of Hassakeh and Aleppo.
Brahimi said plans for aid to central Homs, where insurgents are surrounded by Assad's forces, were discussed by U.N. officials and the city governor and supplies could be delivered within 24 hours of a green light from Damascus.
But a Western diplomat said Bashar Jaafari, Syria's U.N. ambassador who led the government delegation on Saturday, expressed surprise at the proposal even though the diplomat said it had been floated more than a week ago by the United States, Russia, the United Nations and Red Cross.
"The regime's response was: 'This is all new to us'," the diplomat said. "I'm pretty sure it's a stalling tactic."
Opposition spokesman Louay Safi described Homs as a barometer of the government's good intentions. "If the regime doesn't want to bring aid into an area where people are starving then we have a problem," he said. "They are building wells and eating grass and leaves to survive."
Sunday's talks are expected to deal with opposition demands for the release of women and children from Syrian jails, before the talks move on to address on Monday the hotly disputed issue of the transitional governing body.
Profound mutual mistrust and the absence from Geneva of powerful Islamist opposition groups as well as Assad's ally Iran make any substantial progress very difficult, and previous aid deals and ceasefires in Syria have proved short-lived.
The crisis flared with street protests against Assad's rule in March 2011 and descended into an armed insurgency and civil war after security forces put down demonstrations with force.
There are now hundreds of rebel groups across the country, including hardline Islamists and al Qaeda-linked militants. Few pay heed to the opposition in exile and the powerful Islamic Front has said negotiators who return from Geneva without having assured Assad's downfall will be treated as traitors.
Diplomats say Brahimi is trying to secure progress over the weekend on humanitarian aid, local ceasefires and prisoner releases to build up support inside Syria for the talks, before embarking on the tougher political negotiations.
"Brahimi has been very clear - he will spend two days on confidence-building measures. The opposition agreed, but said two days only," the diplomat said.
Syria's civil war has made half of the 22 million population dependent on aid, including hundreds of thousands cut off by fighting.
Government and opposition delegates faced each other across a negotiating table at the United Nations headquarters for a total of three hours in the presence of mediator Lakhdar Brahimi, who described the meetings as "a good beginning".
While political differences which Brahimi says must form the core of their talks appear insurmountable for now, the two sides focused on Saturday on a possible humanitarian deal aimed at building confidence in the negotiating process.
Brahimi said he hoped that authorities in Syria would approve access on Sunday for an aid convoy to reach the rebel-held centre of Homs, allowing it to be delivered on Monday.
"We haven't achieved much, but we are continuing," he told a news conference after the talks concluded for the day.
Anxious to avoid any possible confrontations, organisers ensured the two parties entered and left the negotiation room for the morning and afternoon sessions through separate doors.
Brahimi said they faced each other during the meeting but addressed their remarks through him. "This is what happens in civilised discussions, you talk to the president or the speaker or the chairman," he said.
The veteran international mediator also said he set out his plans for the talks over the coming weeks, stressing that they must ultimately be focused on implementing a June 2012 declaration which called for a transitional governing body to be set up with the consent of Syria's opposing forces.
"He told us this is a political conference ... based on Geneva 1," opposition delegate Anas al-Abdah said, referring to the 2012 communique announced by world powers in the same Swiss city where Saturday's talks took place.
President Bashar al-Assad's government delegation said it broadly accepted Geneva 1, but reiterated its longstanding opposition to the idea of a transitional body, saying it was inappropriate and unnecessary.
"We have complete reservations regarding it," Information Minister Omran Zoabi said, comparing the proposal to the transitional government set up in Iraq by U.S. occupation forces after they toppled Saddam Hussein in 2003.
"Syria is a state with institutions," he added. "A transitional governing body ... happens where the state is in disintegration, or has no institutions."
The opposition has insisted that the government delegation accept the principle of setting up the transitional body, saying it must bring an end to Assad's rule. The president says only Syrian voters can choose their ruler and that he may well stand again in an election due to be held by June this year.
BARREL BOMBS
While the two sides met in Geneva, clashes continued across Syria. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported fighting between rebels and Assad's forces in south Damascus and a series of army air raids across the country, particularly in northern Aleppo and the suburbs outside of Damascus.
Helicopters launched three series of barrel bomb attacks on the suburb of Daraya, the Britain-based monitoring group said, and internecine rebel clashes also continued in the provinces of Hassakeh and Aleppo.
Brahimi said plans for aid to central Homs, where insurgents are surrounded by Assad's forces, were discussed by U.N. officials and the city governor and supplies could be delivered within 24 hours of a green light from Damascus.
But a Western diplomat said Bashar Jaafari, Syria's U.N. ambassador who led the government delegation on Saturday, expressed surprise at the proposal even though the diplomat said it had been floated more than a week ago by the United States, Russia, the United Nations and Red Cross.
"The regime's response was: 'This is all new to us'," the diplomat said. "I'm pretty sure it's a stalling tactic."
Opposition spokesman Louay Safi described Homs as a barometer of the government's good intentions. "If the regime doesn't want to bring aid into an area where people are starving then we have a problem," he said. "They are building wells and eating grass and leaves to survive."
Sunday's talks are expected to deal with opposition demands for the release of women and children from Syrian jails, before the talks move on to address on Monday the hotly disputed issue of the transitional governing body.
Profound mutual mistrust and the absence from Geneva of powerful Islamist opposition groups as well as Assad's ally Iran make any substantial progress very difficult, and previous aid deals and ceasefires in Syria have proved short-lived.
The crisis flared with street protests against Assad's rule in March 2011 and descended into an armed insurgency and civil war after security forces put down demonstrations with force.
There are now hundreds of rebel groups across the country, including hardline Islamists and al Qaeda-linked militants. Few pay heed to the opposition in exile and the powerful Islamic Front has said negotiators who return from Geneva without having assured Assad's downfall will be treated as traitors.
Diplomats say Brahimi is trying to secure progress over the weekend on humanitarian aid, local ceasefires and prisoner releases to build up support inside Syria for the talks, before embarking on the tougher political negotiations.
"Brahimi has been very clear - he will spend two days on confidence-building measures. The opposition agreed, but said two days only," the diplomat said.
Syria's civil war has made half of the 22 million population dependent on aid, including hundreds of thousands cut off by fighting.
© Thomson Reuters 2014
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