Japan is set to pave the way for weapons sales to more than a dozen countries, marking a historic and controversial pivot for the nation’s global standing. Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi’s administration announced that it is lifting decades-old restrictions on lethal arms exports, a move that effectively begins the dismantling of Japan’s eight-decade commitment to pacifism. While the government argues the shift is necessary for regional stability, neighbours like China are sounding the alarm. This report explains why this is such a radical departure from Japan’s post-war identity.