External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar said peace and tranquillity along the India-China border are essential for normal bilateral relations, reflecting on the 2020 Galwan Valley clash in which soldiers from both sides were killed. Jaishankar said the incident marked a major departure from the relative peace that had prevailed along the border for 45 years, from 1975 to 2020. Jaishankar said the border tensions had consequences for India-China ties over the following five years and that restoring peace required more than four years of negotiations. He stressed that a stable boundary and peace in border areas were necessary for relations to progress, adding that ties had been moving towards normalcy as the border situation settled down, particularly since 2024.