Washington:
Republicans struck a powerful first blow in Kentucky in U.S. congressional elections on Tuesday in their drive to control the U.S. Senate and dramatically tip the balance of power away from President Barack Obama and his Democrats.
Obama's low job approval rating, partisan gridlock in Washington and a U.S. economy that is not growing broadly enough to help many in the middle class were major issues confronting voters in elections for 36 senators, 36 state governors and all 435 members of the House of Representatives.
Reuters/Ipsos projected Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell won his re-election battle, defeating Democrat Alison Lundergan Grimes in a race that had been extremely close until McConnell pulled away in the polls in recent days.
If Republicans go on to win the Senate on Tuesday, McConnell would replace Democrat Harry Reid as Senate majority leader, putting him in a powerful position on Capitol Hill.
Republicans are expected to pick up seats in the Senate, but polls ahead of the voting showed eight to 10 races are still toss-ups. They need to gain six seats to control the 100-member chamber for the first time since the 2006 election.
A key barometer for Democrats was whether they would be able to hold North Carolina, where incumbent Democratic Senator Kay Hagan was in a tough fight against Republican challenger Thom Tillis.
Obama, whose 40 percent approval rating made him unwelcome on the campaign trail for many fellow Democrats, cast the race as critical in a radio interview with Charlotte, N.C., station, the Artie and Fly Ty show.
"If we lose North Carolina then we lose the Senate. And if we lose the Senate then the Republicans are setting the agenda," Obama said.
Perhaps sensing a big Republican night, Obama seemed to be trying to limit Democratic expectations in an interview with Hartford, Conn., radio station WNPR.
"In this election cycle, this is probably the worst possible group of states for Democrats since Dwight Eisenhower," Obama said, referring to the 1950s Republican president.
The battle for control of the Senate could extend beyond Tuesday night. Senate races with multiple candidates in Louisiana and Georgia, where the winner must get more than 50 percent of the vote, could be forced into runoffs in December and January, respectively.
Seizing the Senate would give Republicans, who are expected to build on their majority in the House, control of both chambers of Congress.
That would constitute the most dramatic political shift since Obama entered the White House in early 2009 and might force the president to make more concessions to his Republican opponents than he would prefer.
In Raleigh, North Carolina, Edward Sanders, 59, said the economy was his top issue. After voting for Hagan for the Senate in 2008, Sanders said he decided this time to go with her challenger, Tillis.
"I don't particularly like Tillis, but he seemed more likely to shake things up in Washington," said Sanders, a mechanical engineer.
Kyle Stephenson, 26, an accountant, said he recently switched parties from Republican to Democrat. He cited widening economic inequality as his key issue.
"It seems like the gap between the really rich and the rest of us is just getting bigger and bigger," he said. "It's gotten harder and harder for regular Americans to make a living."
The White House tried to play down the prospect of sharp changes in strategy after the election, saying Obama would seek common ground with Congress on areas like trade and infrastructure.
On other issues, like climate change and immigration reform, Obama is likely to continue to take actions on his own. By the end of the year, he is expected to announce executive action to defer deportations for some undocumented immigrants.
Jay Carney, Obama's former spokesman, said he expects Obama to make an "all-out push" on his priorities regardless of the makeup of Congress.
"He's very competitive, and he will see it as a challenge, regardless of whether it's a split Congress or GOP-controlled Congress," Carney said in an interview.
Democratic senators are battling for re-election in tough races in Alaska, Arkansas, Louisiana and North Carolina, all states won by Republican Mitt Romney in the 2012 presidential election. Democratic Senator Mark Udall also is in a tight race in the swing state of Colorado, and the fight to replace retiring Democratic Senator Tom Harkin in the swing state of Iowa is a toss-up.
Republicans are in tight races to retain their seats in Georgia, where Senator Saxby Chambliss is retiring, and Kansas, where independent Greg Orman is challenging Republican Senator Pat Roberts.
Several governors' races were also close, including the Florida contest between incumbent Republican Governor Rick Scott and Democrat Charlie Crist.
Obama spent Election Day in meetings with advisers and planned to watch election returns at the White House on Tuesday night.
White House spokesman Josh Earnest said the election was not a referendum on Obama's policies. "The vast majority of voters across the country are making decisions in this election based on the candidates themselves, and not on President Obama," he said, citing polling data.
Whatever the case, Obama will face pressure to make changes at the White House if his party loses the Senate. A Reuters/Ipsos poll showed 75 percent of respondents believe the administration needs to "rethink" how it approaches major issues facing the United States . Sixty-four percent said Obama should replace some of his senior staff after the election .
© Thomson Reuters 2014