The Indian rupee witnessed significant volatility in 2025, breaching the 90-mark against the US dollar for the first time in December. During the year, the rupee depreciated by nearly 5 percent against the US Dollar, marking its second steepest decline since 2022, when it had fallen by 5.3 per cent. In the last trading session of 2025, the rupee depreciated by 13 paise, to close at 89 rupee 88 paise per dollar.