The gut microbiome is the vast community of trillions of microorganisms, mainly bacteria but also fungi, viruses, and other microbes that reside in the digestive tract, especially in the intestines. These tiny organisms are not just passive passengers; they play active roles in digestion, immune function, hormone regulation, and even brain health. A healthy gut microbiome maintains a balanced and diverse population of beneficial microbes, which is essential for overall health. Keep reading as we discuss how healthy gut microbiome is essential for good health.
Here's how healthy gut microbiome is essential for good health
1. Improves digestion and nutrient absorption
Beneficial gut bacteria help break down complex carbohydrates, fibre, and proteins, making nutrients more bioavailable for the body to absorb. For instance, some gut microbes produce enzymes that the human body lacks, aiding in the digestion of dietary fibres and converting them into short-chain fatty acids, which nourish the colon lining and improve nutrient uptake.
2. Strengthens immune system function
About 70–80% of the immune system resides in the gut. A healthy gut microbiome educates immune cells to distinguish between harmful invaders and harmless substances. This reduces the risk of autoimmune diseases, allergies, and infections. Certain microbes also stimulate the production of anti-inflammatory compounds that keep the immune response balanced.
3. Reduces inflammation and autoimmune risks
A balanced microbiome helps regulate the body's inflammatory responses. When the gut barrier is strong, harmful substances are kept out of the bloodstream. A healthy microbiome prevents "leaky gut," a condition where toxins and pathogens pass into the blood, triggering systemic inflammation that can lead to autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and type 1 diabetes.
4. Supports mental health and brain function
The gut and brain communicate through the gut-brain axis, and many gut bacteria produce neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, and GABA. Around 90% of serotonin, the "feel-good" hormone is made in the gut. A balanced microbiome helps regulate mood, reduce anxiety and depression, and support cognitive functions like memory and concentration.
5. Regulates weight and metabolism
Certain gut bacteria influence how we store fat, how we regulate hunger hormones like leptin and ghrelin, and how our bodies respond to insulin. A healthy microbiome can prevent insulin resistance, reduce fat accumulation, and improve metabolic health, helping in the prevention or management of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
6. Enhances skin health
The gut-skin axis links digestive health to conditions like acne, eczema, rosacea, and psoriasis. A balanced gut microbiome reduces systemic inflammation and improves the body's ability to detoxify, which reflects in clearer, healthier skin. It also prevents overgrowth of harmful bacteria that might trigger skin flare-ups.
7. Detoxifies the body naturally
Some gut bacteria assist the liver in processing toxins and drugs, while others break down potentially harmful substances in food. A well-functioning microbiome acts like a detox partner, helping the body eliminate heavy metals, environmental toxins, and by-products of metabolism efficiently.
8. Balances hormones naturally
Gut microbes influence oestrogen levels by regulating the estrobolome, a collection of bacteria involved in metabolising oestrogen. A healthy balance prevents hormonal imbalances that may contribute to PMS, PCOS, infertility, and even hormone-related cancers like breast cancer.
In short, a healthy gut microbiome is not just important, it's foundational to nearly every aspect of physical and mental well-being.
Disclaimer: This content including advice provides generic information only. It is in no way a substitute for a qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist or your own doctor for more information. NDTV does not claim responsibility for this information.
