Sexual problems in women

The causes of sexual problems in women are varied and complex. Some problems stem from a simple, reversible physical problem. Others can stem from more serious medical conditions, difficult life situations, or emotional problems.

Problems like distribution of labour, child rearing, or money can prevent a woman from communicating her sexual wants and needs to her partner. Issues of control or even abuse in the relationship are especially harmful to sexual harmony.

Depression, anxiety about sex, stress and guilt can all affect a woman's sexual function.

A woman's lack of knowledge about sexual stimulation and response may prevent a woman from achieving a satisfactory experience. Poor communication between partners can also be a culprit.

Vaginal dryness that occurs due to decrease in estrogen can be linked to hormone imbalances and other illnesses and to certain medications which inhibit arousal or make intercourse uncomfortable.

Vaginismus is a painful spasm of the muscles surrounding the vaginal opening that causes the vaginal opening to tighten. It can be caused by injuries or scars from surgery, abuse, or childbirth, by infection, or by irritation from douches, spermicides, or condoms.

Sexually transmitted diseases like gonorrhoea, herpes, genital warts, chlamydia, and syphilis are infectious diseases spread by sexual contact. They can cause changes in the genitals that make sex uncomfortable or even painful.

Inflammation and irritation of vaginal tissues due to infection or other causes can make intercourse uncomfortable or painful.

Endometriosis, pelvic mass, ovarian cyst, surgical scars can cause an obstruction that prevents intercourse or makes it difficult or painful.

Pelvic inflammatory disease is an infection of the vagina that moves up into the cervix, uterus, and ovaries. It can be very painful on its own and make intercourse extremely painful.

Unavoidable cutting of small nerves during pelvic surgery may decrease sensation and response.

Fatigue or tiredness can also decrease a woman's satisfaction with her sex life.

Chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, liver disease and kidney disease can also hinder woman's sexual function.

Cancer treatment, or even a cancer diagnosis itself, can strongly influence emotional and sexual relationships.

Neurologic disorders can decrease a woman's satisfaction with her sex life.

Increased sexual desire may be due to increased blood flow to the pelvic area. Hence, blood flow disorders may diminish the sexual urge.

If a woman suffers from low sex drive caused by physical problems, the most basic reason is hormonal imbalance.

The loss of oestrogen following menopause can lead to changes in a woman's sexual drive and functioning. Menopausal and postmenopausal women may notice that they are not easily aroused, which can result in decreased interest in sex.

Most women however, feel a decreased urge to have sexual intercourse, which may be more due to the presence of other symptoms during pregnancy like nausea and abdominal heaviness.

Alcohol or drug abuse does contribute to a declining sex drive.

Certain medications such as selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) group of antidepressants, certain chemotherapy drugs, drugs for high blood pressure and antipsychotic medications can reduce desire or arousal.

Treatments such as radiation therapy for certain types of cancer can reduce vaginal lubrication. They can also make skin and the membranes lining the genitals tender and sensitive.

A woman who has suffered sexual or other abuse may have trouble trusting her partner enough to relax and become aroused. She may have feelings of fear, guilt, or resentment that get in the way of a satisfactory experience, even if she cares deeply about her current partner.

Many people don't view sex as a normal and enjoyable part of a couple's relationship either because of the way they were brought up or because of earlier bad experiences. They may associate sex or sexual feelings with shame, guilt, fear, or anger.

If a woman's partner has sexual problems, such as impotence or lack of desire, this can inhibit her own satisfaction.