From April 1, 2026, India will mandate the nationwide sale of petrol blended with up to 20 percent ethanol and a minimum Research Octane Number (RON) of 95. The government's directive aims to cut crude oil imports, reduce emissions, and boost farmer incomes by increasing demand for ethanol derived from crops. This move marks a significant step in India's clean energy and fuel diversification strategy.
In a notification dated February 17, the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas directed oil companies to supply petrol blended with up to 20 percent ethanol, meeting Bureau of Indian Standards specifications, and ensuring a minimum Research Octane Number (RON) of 95. This mandate will apply across all states and Union Territories starting April 1, 2026.
The government has clarified that exemptions may be granted in special circumstances, for certain regions, and only for a limited duration.
Why Ethanol Blending Matters
Ethanol is produced from sugarcane, maize, and other grains. As a renewable fuel, it burns cleaner than pure petrol, helping reduce carbon emissions. The blending programme also supports farmers by creating additional demand for agricultural produce, offering them new income opportunities. India had already achieved 10 percent ethanol blending in June 2022, ahead of schedule, prompting the government to advance its 20 percent target to 2025-26.
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Impact on Vehicles
Industry experts note that most cars manufactured between 2023 and 2025 are designed to run on E20 fuel without major issues. However, recent reports by older vehicle users suggest that using E20 fuel may see a mileage drop of 3-7 percent, and some rubber or plastic components could wear faster. Despite these challenges, the transition is expected to be smooth for the majority of vehicles on Indian roads.
Understanding RON 95 Requirement
Research Octane Number (RON) measures a fuel's resistance to knocking - uneven combustion that can cause engine damage. Higher RON fuels remain stable under compression, preventing power loss and long-term harm. Ethanol naturally has a high octane rating of about 108, so blending it with petrol improves knock resistance. The RON 95 mandate ensures engines remain protected while delivering efficient performance.
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According to the oil ministry, ethanol blending has already saved India over Rs 1.40 lakh crore in foreign exchange since 2014-15 by reducing crude imports. The new mandate is expected to further strengthen energy security, cut emissions, and support the government's push toward sustainable mobility.