This Article is From Mar 21, 2014

Obama steps up sanctions on Russia in Ukraine crisis

Obama steps up sanctions on Russia in Ukraine crisis

President Barack Obama makes a statement about the developing situation on the Crimean Peninsula and Russia on the South Lawn of the White House in Washington on March 20

Washington: President Barack Obama expanded sanctions against Russia on Thursday, blacklisting a bank and several wealthy businessmen with close ties to President Vladimir Putin, as the United States struggled to forestall further Russian incursions into Ukraine.

Among those targeted were Sergei B. Ivanov, the president's chief of staff; Gennady N. Timchenko, a billionaire investor with links to Putin; and Yuri V. Kovalchuk, whom the administration described as the personal banker for Russian leaders, including the president. (Read: Who's who of Russians hit by new US sanctions)

Obama also opened the door to more sweeping measures against core parts of the Russian economy, including the oil and natural gas industries, which account for much of Russia's exports. He said the actions could disrupt the global economy, but might be necessary because of what he described as menacing movements by the Russian military near eastern and southern Ukraine.

Administration officials insisted that the new sanctions would have more bite than the initial ones Obama announced Monday. But it remains unclear whether they will be enough to put a brake on Putin, who brushed aside the previous measures and moved swiftly to annex Crimea. (Read: Russia promises not to attack east Ukraine, says Pentagon)

Responding almost immediately, Russia barred nine prominent U.S. officials from entering the country, including House Speaker John A. Boehner; Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid; Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz.; and three close advisers to Obama.

Obama, speaking from the South Lawn of the White House, said Russia's aggressive moves toward Ukraine had only escalated since the referendum in Crimea on Sunday.

"These are all choices that the Russian government has made," he said, "and because of these choices, the United States is today moving, as we said we would, to impose additional costs on Russia."

The hastily arranged statement, delivered with the presidential helicopter idling behind Obama before he left for a speech on the economy and a Democratic Party fundraising event in Florida, underscored how the White House has raced to keep up with the rush of events in Ukraine.

On Monday, Obama announced measures against a number of Russian officials while saying he would calibrate the pressure campaign to respond to Putin's actions. But a senior administration official said it became clear within 24 hours, with Putin's defiant speech to the Russian Parliament and dismissive statements by members of his government, that the United States would have to do more.

"They were exulting in their nationalistic way," said the official, who spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss the administration's internal deliberations. "So we moved from officials to cronies. These are Putin's money people."

The administration was also prodded by signs that the Russian military had moved troops into positions that could threaten southern and eastern Ukraine. While Obama has ruled out direct military involvement, another senior administration official told reporters that the Pentagon was studying whether to provide communications equipment and other nonlethal assistance to the Ukrainian military.

The latest round of sanctions are surgical, experts said: designed to hit the wallets of individuals with close ties to Putin, rather than to damage the broader Russian economy.

"The dollar figure is not big," said Anders Aslund, a senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics in Washington. "But these people are really close to Putin."

If Europe were to join the United States in targeting Russian individuals, and if Washington were to go after Russia's energy  sector, "That would have a real economic effect," he said.

The list announced by the Treasury Department included 16 senior Russian government officials and heads of state enterprises, some of whom have longstanding ties to Putin. Several of these people had been sanctioned by the European Union.

New to the list were four oligarchs who have amassed vast empires through their ties to the government. In addition to Timchenko and Kovalchuk, they are Arkady and Boris Rotenberg, billionaire brothers who were awarded an estimated $7 billion in contracts for the Winter Olympic Games in Sochi.

The Treasury also designated Bank Rossiya, the 17th-largest Russian bank, of which Kovalchuk is the largest shareholder. A senior official said that would pinch Putin and his friends because Rossiya would no longer be able to conduct transactions in dollars and would find its assets frozen in correspondent accounts in European banks.

At least for now, though, a senior American official said he did not expect the European Union to target Russian business executives because it would require additional legal criteria. During Vice President Joe Biden's trip to Poland and the Baltic states this week, he encountered little desire for broader sanctions against Russia, even in countries with a long history of being subjugated by their Russian neighbor.

Obama said more sweeping sanctions were not his "preferred outcome," and analysts said they did not expect him to impose them. Under a new executive order, he could target Russian industrial sectors, including energy, engineering, metals and mining, and financial services.

"Russia must know that further escalation will only isolate it further from the international community," he said.

The economic calculus favors Washington, analysts said: Even significantly tougher sanctions - the kind applied to countries like Iran - would probably have only a muted effect on the U.S. economy because of the modest size of the Russian economy and its limited trade ties with the United States.

A senior Treasury official said there were signs that the sanctions were having an impact. On Thursday, Standard & Poor's, the ratings agency, downgraded its outlook on the Russian economy to negative. And jitters over Crimea have weakened the Russian stock market and the value of the ruble.

In Russia, officials reacted to the sanctions with a mix of indignation and contempt. Foreign Minister Sergei V. Lavrov said, "They are illegitimate. They have no international legal grounds under them."

Putin's spokesman, Dmitry S. Peskov, denounced them as unacceptable and said Russia's response "will be based on the principle of reciprocity and will not take long." He suggested that one of those targeted, Ivanov, who spent more than 20 years in the KGB's foreign intelligence service and is a close friend of Putin's, was barred by "a majority of countries in the West."

"So he is quite accustomed to this situation," he said.

Another person on the list, Vladimir I. Yakunin, head of the Russian Railways and a close friend of Putin's, said he was being punished for political reasons. "I'm sorry that a country that calls itself democratic uses sanctions for an honest position and for honest statements," he told the Interfax news agency.

Until now, at least, the prospect of sanctions had done nothing to slow Russia's speedy absorption of Crimea.

On Thursday, the lower house of the Russian Parliament ratified treaties making Crimea and, separately, the city of Sevastopol, parts of the Russian Federation after a short, highly patriotic debate. In each vote, 445 deputies were in favor while only a handful objected, reflecting the overwhelming support for Putin's actions despite the widespread international condemnation. The upper house is scheduled to vote Friday.

During the debate, many lawmakers wore brown and orange czarist-era ribbons symbolizing military valor.

(Mark Landler and Annie Lowrey reported from Washington, and Steven Lee Myers from Moscow.)

© 2014, The New York Times News Service
.